When a computer is turned on, which carries out technical details without human interaction?

The correct answer is firmware. Firmware is a specific type of software that is embedded directly into hardware components and is responsible for low-level control and operations of the devices. When a computer is powered on, the firmware executes critical tasks, such as initializing hardware components and ensuring that they are functioning properly before passing control to the operating system. This process happens without human intervention, as it is a fundamental part of the system's boot sequence.

This embedded software allows hardware to communicate effectively with higher-level software and the operating system, functioning as a bridge between the physical components and the software that users interact with. Unlike applications, which require user input to operate, or routines, which are programmed tasks or procedures that still rely on higher-level software environments, firmware is essential for basic operational functionality right from the moment the computer is turned on.